Rodger McDaniel said:
The meaning of these texts, said to exclude homosexual people from the Kingdom of God, hinges on the meaning of two Greek Terms, `malakoi’ and `arsenokotai.’ Throughout history these terms have been translated variably (masturbatory, practicers of heterosexual anal sex, sodomites, catamites and the like). Suggested translations today still vary (morally loose, masturbators who waste their property, boys and their pederast partners, temple prostitutes serving men and women, gold-digging gay hustlers who pursue the elderly). No one really knows what these terms mean. There is no good reason to suppose they apply to consensual, respectful, homosexual acts per se, especially since such an interpretation would be in conflict with all the rest of the Bible.
I also call your attention to that fact that whether homosexuals are included in Paul’s list of the condemned depends entirely on which version of the Bible you are reading…
Note that not only are gays and lesbians absent from some versions of this scripture, but the list common to all includes a number of troubling behaviors that are never used to deny their practitioners a marriage license, e.g. drunkards, thieves, greedy, robbers, slanderers, swindlers, revilers, and even the effeminate.
Before I begin to address McDaniel’s poor exegesis of the texts concerning homosexuality in the NT, I would first like to finish addressing something I pointed out last time.
McDaniel makes what can only be described as an irrational statement:
Note that not only are gays and lesbians absent from some versions of this scripture, but the list common to all includes a number of troubling behaviors that are never used to deny their practitioners a marriage license, e.g. drunkards, thieves, greedy, robbers, slanderers, swindlers, revilers, and even the effeminate.
Supposedly, the list is a list of behaviors that should be used to disqualify individuals for certain rights. But, the object is not first whether or not a marriage licence should or should not be granted, rather, it is whether or not the relationship is legitimate in the first place. He has targeted the behavior: `malakoi’ and `arsenokotai’, not the civil access to certain statutory privileges. McDaniel acknowledges that there is still a place for the Law in modern life restricting or permitting certain behavior and by that agreed that certain behaviors preclude or include individuals’ access to societal privilege. He has also conceded that Jesus’ words take on a status that overrules what appear to not be his words. He then totally goes off the rails.
There are laws on the books that prevent individuals from participating in society under certain conditions. There are laws prohibiting the consumption of alcohol in all sorts of venues, by conditions such as age, regulations by licensure for dispensing the product, for sales and all most any kind of distribution. We also have laws prohibiting drunkenness in public, or operating a vehicle under the influence. And who would doubt that an inebriated individual is not going to pass his driver’s license test? Beyond that, a contract signed by an individual whose mental capacity is impaired, either by artificial means, or by natural disposition is not a valid contract. Now, suppose two alcohol impaired individuals wanted to contract a marriage. We have all heard of the drunken Las Vegas marriages. Those, however, are easily annulled, as being what they are, a contract made by the incompetent. Neither are those who are medicated, legally, under the care of a physician, necessarily afforded the right to engage in civil contractual agreements because of the circumstance of their impairment. In short, McDaniel is wrong. Whether legal, or illegal, certain behaviors, or status (age barriers, mental illness, imprisonment) disallow full civil right where statutory privileges exist. Laws have always been crafted with both inclusive and exclusive views of conditions, presumptive or actual, which either allow or prohibit access. That is just the nature of law. Where the conditions described by McDaniel exist, all could be used to deny a marriage license since those licenses are not rights but privileges subject to the granting officers approval. Any officer knowingly conferring a license where certain realities of the list of conditions might apply would be liable for malfeasance in office and open to civil litigation or criminal penalty. McDaniel is without any sense of the right use, or the authority, of licensing laws.
To the case- marriage does have something to do with the categories of sin that McDaniel lists. Though they would only come into play in certain circumstances as note above. In the case of marriage, there are certain necessary preconditions beyond the list. That is, the contract is founded upon mutual consent of two individuals who do practice a necessary behavior, if only what is meant by that is affection for one another and a desire to cohabitate as the natural expression of that affection. Affection may be presumed in each individual case, true, but it is generally the condition in view of society today and a basis for such civil law, since an abusive relationship or a forced one would violate the consciences of the victim and those granting such licensure. Beyond that, the contract affords certain behavioral rights and protections that in general are not allowed outside the contract, e.g., cohabitation without fear of criminal violations, et cetera. What mainly concerns McDaniel, though, is a certain kind of behavior, namely sexuality. And, just as with the metaphysical reality of affection and the legitimacy of cohabitation as a moral arrangement, there is the reality of the morality of sexuality within marriage. It is that, and not marriage per se, with which he is taking umbrage. Namely, that any sexual behavior is compatible with marriage and actually forms the marriage made. Sexual barriers should be brought down in McDaniel’s estimation… though he would discriminate against some kinds, would he not? And upon what would his moral decision to reject or commend be based?
We press on.
The terms McDaniel uses are found in Scripture and do connote homosexual behavior, or at the very least that which is opposed to the knowledge of God. He anachronistically exegetes the meaning based upon popular translations, and not the translation from the original languages used and not by comparing his selective considerations with the rest of Scripture. As noted here:
Elliott’s argument does offer additional backing to White’s argument. However, we need search no further than theologian Robert A. J. Gagnon’s excellent rebuttal to the type of argument put forth by Elliott… a summary of the most prevalent points makes a case strong enough to call in to question Elliott’s support of White’s argument and, in turn, White’s argument itself.
Proposition 1. To broaden the word arsenokoitai to include exploitive heterosexual intercourse appears unlikely in view of the unqualified nature of the Levitical prohibitions.
Proposition 2. In every instance in which the arsenokoit word group occurs in a context that offers clues as to its meaning (i.e., beyond mere inclusion in a vice list), it denotes homosexual intercourse.
Proposition 3. The term arsenokoitai itself indicates an inclusive sense: all men who play the active role in homosexual intercourse. Had Paul intended to single out pederasts he could have used the technical term paiderastïs.
Proposition 4. The meaning that Paul gave to arsenokoitai has to be unpacked in light of Romans 1:24–27. When Paul speaks of the sexual intercourse of “males with males” (arsenes en arsenes) in v. 27, he obviously has in mind arsenokoitai.
Based on these propositions and others he explores, Gagnon boldly states that “others would have us believe that it is an open question whether arsenokoitai in Paul’s mind would have applied to all forms of same-sex intercourse, including the kinds of non-exploitative forms allegedly manifested in our contemporary context,” but “this dubious hope has to be maintained in the face of many additional obstacles.” Gagnon concludes that 1 Corinthians 6:9 confirms that Paul’s rejection of homosexual conduct is just as applicable for believers as for unbelievers and that it is self-evident, then, that the combination of terms, malakoi and arsenokoitai, are correctly understood in our contemporary context when they are applied to every conceivable type of same-sex intercourse.
Having more closely documented the particular use of the word arsenokoitai and its consistent witness in the NT, we have discovered that homosexual sin in 1 Corinthians 6:9–10 isn’t as culturally relevant as many who support the pro-homosexual agenda to normalize aberrant sexual behavior would have us believe.
— C. Wayne Mayhall
I’ll only address arsenokoitai here. So let’s take a closer look at 1 Corinthians 6:9 in reference to Romans 1:24–27.
Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals…
Therefore God gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, so that their bodies would be dishonored among them. For they exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.
For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing indecent acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error.
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful; and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also give hearty approval to those who practice them.
Homosexuals is the translation of a compound word: arsenokoitēs (ar-sen-ok-oy’-tace). Arsen simply means male. It is the second root of the compound where we find an odd coupling (forgive the pun). The word means a coital relationship. But the word koitē (koy’-tay) we are most familiar with because it has come to use via the Latin as coitus. I do not wish to make the same word fallacy error that McDaniel made in anachronistically assigning meaning by translation preferences that came after the original, however, it is interesting that Paul chose this word. Though the etymological descent of the Latin is different than the Greek, where they cross in history as shared meaning and phonetic kinship is nothing short of amazing. What I could not find, though it may exist, is a Greek/Latin etymological tree that shows they are more than just kindred of meaning and sound. Paul, it appears, so well understood what the implied meaning of koites as the proper word for the text, that he “foresaw” what would be the future. In the Greek, as it is in Latin, it stood as a euphemism: to go to bed with, to go into, to nest, to have penal/vaginal sex.
Now, we can see from Romans that the “natural” affection that is spoken of is the natural affection of man for God. So that there is a necessary inference of union. Reflected in Malachi 2:15, our union with Christ and with His Father, by the Holy Spirit is a central theme of the NT, Matthew 19:5 cf., Ephesians 5:25-33. Now, indeed, the Romans 1 Passage is reflective of the fall and the noetic effects of sin upon mankind. The flow of the discussion is man’s natural affection for God being denied and exchanged for that which is not natural. But, knowing God, man seeks all manners of actions to deny him. So that, God gives mankind over to his unnatural proclivities- a full range of perversions from coitus with animals, to coitus with members of the same gender. It is called a depraved mind and includes not just sexual perversions, but every perversion of the holiness that Godly offspring should display is demonstrated by: being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful…” They unnaturally love everything that is evil. But God who is holy, who they should love naturally, they hate, and exchanging the natural affection for God with an unnatural affection they: exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.
It is not a mistake that men lying together with men is included as being unnatural. The natural affection is explained as what was exchanged for the unnatural, by women lying with women, and like wise men with men committing shame-worthy actions with other men. The word used for men is arsen together with aschēmosynē (as-kay-mos-oo’-nay), which means indecent nakedness, shamefulness, and more specific to the context, a woman’s genitals. In other words, the comparison that is being made is that men engaged in coitus with men as if they were women. So, contrary to McDaniel’s assertion, both lesbianism and male homosexuality are condemned as being that which denies the natural relationships. And that, a reflection of the hatred of humankind for God. The expression of that hatred is what is being displayed in homosexuality- mankind loving themselves as opposed to God.
What then can there be for the justification of such actions, or any action which blasphemes God’s holiness and his holy purposes for his creation?
Paul doesn’t lose the focus whenever he speaks of that which is opposed to God. And when he creates a compound word in 1 Cor 6:9 (also, Timothy 1:10) he chooses arsen and koites, because they connote exactly what he has described in Romans 1. It is the act which is condemned, just as those other things which McDaniel acknowledges are rightfully condemned in Scripture. Quite right, there are things clearly revealed which are ours to know. What McDaniel doesn’t wish to acknowledge is that homosexuality is clearly revealed as hatred of God. He does so because it would override any consideration of legalizing homosexual marriage.
The absence of words such as homosexual, lesbian, et cetera, from some texts proves nothing. As I noted it is anachronistic. Words can come into being with time. But concepts and ideas can long precede the words later formed. In the case of the modern usage of the words in question, it has been demonstrated here that there were words being used for the concepts now called homosexuality. Indeed, words like coitus have come down to us virtually unchanged from their originals. It only makes sense that words in currency might reflect their current use, and further, that we no longer use some words because they have fallen out of currency. McDaniel has committed what is known as the word fallacy error. As demonstrated by Romans 1 where the concept is clearly mapped out, arsenokoites is not employed as it was elsewhere. Yet, its definition is. And that definition included both lesbianism and homosexuality as being the expressions of depraved minds which declare individuals’ hatred toward God. Lesbian is a 20th Century word and homosexual finds its origin around 1869. But the ideas are as old as the world of Genesis.
When McDaniel says:
No one really knows what these terms mean.
referring to malakoi and asenokoitai, he is simply lying. Of course the modern terms are missing, they were invented for the most part as of late. Bible publishers often use the most traditional renderings, and renderings of discretion, which can obscure the original meanings. However, scholars of the originals have always known what was meant. Curious is McDaniel quoting the OT and NT to bolster his case when he denies that they can be truly known, or that they were inspired texts, anyway. What a self-defeating argument. But, isn’t that just like what Romans 1 says:
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Claiming to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.
Paul compared a man’s appearance with a woman’s appearance saying that even nature teaches us the difference. Even without the Scripture confirming, it is clear from nature that McDaniel is warped in his mind, a hater of God, willing to take as many with him as he can as he descends into his depravity. And even though McDaniel rejects Paul, he has confirmed the words of Jesus as truly reliable. So that on marriage, Jesus appealed to the natural order when correcting the teachers of the law. Marriage is between one man and one woman. All that Paul said conforms to this. All that McDaniel has said suppresses the knowledge of God which has been made known to all men by those things which are evident in creation and it is he who conflicts with all that Scripture has to say. So also, McDaniel has rejected Jesus Christ, by whom all things were made, who is identified with the Scripture itself, who also has made clear by the words written in Red, that those things have not changed since the first man and woman were formed.